INDICE
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
FOREWORD
INTRODUCTION
THE ASSET MANAGEMENT LANDSCAPE: AN INTRODUCTION
1. Historical background 1.1 The origins of the asset management industry
1.2 The modern history of the asset management industry
2. The asset management industry: legislations and authorities 2.1 Legislations
2.2 Regulatory authorities
2.2.1 European Supervisory Authorities (ESAs)
2.2.1.1 European Banking Authority (EBA)
2.2.1.2 European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA)
2.2.1.3 European Insurance and Occupational Pension Authority (EIOPA)
2.2.2 European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB)
2.2.3 National Competent Authorities (NCAs)
3. The asset management industry: an overview 3.1 Products
3.1.1 Investment funds
3.1.1.1 Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities (UCITS)
3.1.1.2 Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs)
3.1.1.3 Investment funds investing in transferable securities
3.1.1.4 Reserved investment funds
3.1.1.5 Guaranteed investment funds
3.1.2 Managed accounts
3.1.3 Other products
3.1.3.1 Pension funds
3.1.3.2 Index-linked and unit-linked life insurances
3.1.3.3 Structured products: actively managed certificates
3.1.3.4 Securitisation vehicles
3.2 Investors
3.3 Managers
3.3.1 UCITS management companies
3.3.2 Alternative Investment Fund Managers (AIFMs)
3.4 Economic role
3.5 Environmental, Social, Governance (ESG)
3.5.1 ESG developments in the EU
4. The future of asset management
4.1 Technological trends
ASSET MANAGERS: UCITS MANAGEMENT COMPANIES AND ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENT FUND MANAGERS1. Statistics 2. Authorisation 2.1 Authorisation of UCITS management companies
2.2 Authorisation of AIFMs
2.3 Personal requirements for qualifying shareholders
2.4 Personal requirements for corporate bodies
3. Operating requirements 4. Functioning 4.1 UCITS management companies: activities and functions
4.1.1 Activities
4.1.2 Functions
4.2 AIFMs: activities and functions
4.2.1 Activities
4.2.2 Functions
4.2.2.1 Valuation
5. Delegation 5.1 Delegation of the activities of UCITS management companies
5.2 Delegation of the activities of AIFMs
6. Business models 6.1 The business model of “traditional” asset managers
6.2 The business model of alternative asset managers
6.2.1 Hedge fund managers
6.2.2 Real estate fund managers
6.2.3 Private equity fund managers
7. Third-party management companies 8. Remuneration 8.1 Recent evolution of the European legislation in the field of remuneration in the financial sector
8.2 Remuneration in the European asset management industry: developments under the UCITS and AIFM Directives
8.3 Remuneration guidelines under the UCITS Directive
8.4 Remuneration guidelines under the AIFMD
9. Activism
9.1 Definition and characteristics
9.2 Criticisms
ACTIVELY MANAGED PRODUCTS: UNDERTAKINGS FOR COLLECTIVE INVESTMENT IN TRANSFERABLE SECURITIES (UCITS)1. Historical background2. New regulatory proposals: UCITS VI 2.1 Delegation
2.2 Liquidity risk management
2.3 Regulatory reporting
2.4 Depositaries
3. Statistics 3.1 Volumes
3.2 Domiciles
3.3 Promoters
3.4 Distribution markets
4. Characteristics 5. Eligible investments 6. Investment limits and borrowing restrictions
7. Compensation 7.1 The fund industry financial ratios: the TER
8. Structures in Luxembourg and Ireland 8.1 Legal structures in Luxembourg
8.2 Legal structures in Ireland
8.2.1 Variable Capital Companies (VCCs)
8.2.2 Irish Collective Asset-management Vehicles (ICAVs)
8.2.3 Unit trusts
8.2.4 Common Contractual Funds (CCFs)
ACTIVELY MANAGED PRODUCTS: ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENT FUNDS (AIFs)
1. Historical background
2. New regulatory proposals: AIFMD II 2.1 Delegation
2.2 Liquidity risk management
2.3 Loan origination
2.4 Marketing of non-EU AIFs
2.5 Depositaries
2.6 Miscellaneous
3. Statistics 3.1 Volumes
3.2 Domiciles
3.3 Focus on real estate funds
3.4 Focus on private equity funds
3.5 Focus on hedge funds
3.6 Focus on funds of funds
4. Characteristics 4.1 Return characteristics
4.2 Analytical characteristics
5. Types 5.1 Main categories
5.1.1 Real estate funds
5.1.2 Private equity funds
5.1.3 Hedge funds
5.1.4 Structured products
5.1.5 Private debt funds
5.1.6 Infrastructure funds
5.1.7 Commodity funds
5.1.8 Funds of alternative funds
5.2 Sub-categories
5.2.1 European Venture Capital Funds (EuVECAs)
5.2.2 European Social Entrepreneurship Funds (EuSEFs)
5.2.3 European Long-term Investment Funds (ELTIFs)
6. Compensation 6.1 Hedge funds compensation
6.2 Real estate funds compensation
6.3 Private equity funds compensation
7. Structures in Luxembourg and Ireland 7.1 Legal structures in Luxembourg
7.1.1 Reserved Alternative Investment Funds (RAIFs)
7.2 Legal structures in Ireland
UCITS AND AIFs COMPARED: COMMONALITIES AND DIFFERENCES
1. Product’s life cycle 1.1 UCITS life cycle
1.2 AIFs’ life cycle: closed-ended funds
2. Form
3. Organisational structures and service providers 3.1 Promoter
3.2 Authorised manager
3.3 Administrator, registrar, transfer agent
3.4 Paying agent
3.5 Depositary
3.6 Distributor
3.7 Portfolio manager
3.8 Auditor
3.9 Prime broker
3.10 Valuer
3.11 Placement agents
4. Functioning of corporate governance and Board of Directors organisation 5. The split of responsibilities between investment funds and managers 5.1 UCITS common funds
5.2 Self-managed UCITS SICAVs
5.3 Externally managed UCITS SICAVs
5.4 Externally managed AIFs
6. Documentation and reporting 6.1 For UCITS
6.2 For AIFs
7. Master-feeder structures 8. Cross-border distribution 8.1 Distribution of UCITS
8.2 Distribution of AIFs
9. Extraordinary transactions 9.1 Mergers
9.1.1 Mergers under the UCITS Directive
9.1.2 Mergers under the AIFMD
9.2 Liquidations
PASSIVELY MANAGED PRODUCTS: EXCHANGE TRADED PRODUCTS (ETPs)
1. Historical background
2. Definition of ETPs2.1 Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs)
2.2 Exchange Traded Commodity & Currency (ETCs)
2.3 Exchange Traded Notes (ETNs)
3. Statistics3.1 Focus on ETFs
4. Replication strategies4.1 Full replication
4.2 Sampling replication
4.3 Synthetic replication
4.3.1 Fully funded swap
4.3.2 Unfunded swap
4.3.3 Counterparty risk management and containment
5. Costs5.1 Understanding internal costs
5.2 Understanding external costs
5.3 Costs of UCITS ETFs
6. Performance6.1 Understanding stock indices
6.2 Understanding commodity indices
6.3 Understanding currency indices
6.4 Performance of UCITS ETFs
7. Dealing arrangements
CONCLUSIONS
THOUGHTS FOR FRIENDS
ANNEX I - ASSET MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATIONS
ANNEX II - LIST OF ACRONYMS USED IN FINANCIAL SERVICES LEGISLATION
BIBLIOGRAPHY